Bhagwan Shiva is said to be the creator of Prakriti, yet beholder and representative of all physical and metaphysical manifestations. Shiva is interpreted as symbol of Universe.
Shiva is human figurine for Brahm, the Universal existences, symbolized as AUM with 3 dimensional curls with common centre of origin. As said earlier, one of the forms of Shiva is Ardha-Nareeshwar, as the representation of Prakriti (female) and Purush (male). Thus, it denotes physical nature, Prakriti (including non-physical triguna) and metaphysical Puruhsa (the continuum of Souls). Modern sciences have advanced into physical researches, while ancient Rishis in India focussed on metaphysical means of meditation.
Trishul (trident) is the weapon of Bhagwan Shiva. It represents three types of laws to control the Universe: The laws of physics, meta physics and the Para. Laws of physical nature are known to modern sciences. Purusha or consciousness was the prime research area of ancient Rishis. The Para is inconceivable.
The cyan skin of Shiva indicates the dark matter and the dark energy.
Snake around Shiva depicts the streaks of celestial masses following a course of movement under gravitational effects or spiralling galaxies under creative or destructive modes or possibly the warping spaces.
Shiva’s clothes of leopard/tiger skin seem to denote sporadic spread of stars and galaxies in the universe.
His crescent moon denotes the metaphysical realities behind the Physical Universe. Note that the same crescent moon is found in symbol of AUM. Liga Puran also says, Shiva the Brahm, and the creator of universe. In fact he is the universe (possibly multiverse too). The language of scriptures belongs to ancient times and cannot be expected to be scientific, but they hide similar mysteries which needs to be deciphered.
Mythologies narrate that River Ganga went out of control when it was brought on Earth and Bhagwan Shiva tied it in a knot to control its force. Possibly during the Big bang creations, something went out of control, and stars which appears to be in a stream like river (the Milky way or Akash Ganga) were falling apart, which were stabilized by another controlling phenomenon in the universe. Thus represented as a river stream Ganga held by Shiva’s knotted hair.
The third eye of Shiva in scriptures opens rarely, and it is the destroyer. Pictures of Supernova by NASA also look like an eye.
Apart from physical and celestial creations, Mythological stories indicate several sons and daughters of Lord Shiva, some with good habits, skills and intent, which were represented as Gods and some with disruptive qualities, which were demons symbolizing tamasic attributes. They encode several facts related to human life, psychologies, sociologies and such nature of living beings, with souls. Demon Andhaka bad son of Shiva, raised by demons. (the dark, blind, and Black). He represents Blackholes. Manasa, was Shiva’s daughter, represents desiring manah, and she is not supposed to be worshipped, but when in control, can be prayed. While Lord Ganesha, the lord of wisdom, intellect and planning, And Kartikeya, lord of valour and bravery were the good sons. Thus both good and evil, were created since beginning, and are ichnographically narrated.
Damaru represents tumultuous re-corrections of prevailing disorders by lord Shiva. Damaru might signify disruptions of universe, causing another, as a paired universe or mirror universe. A. similar notion was postulated by Einstein, that defines the shape of Big bang Model, and our universe, which in turn matches to Shivalinga. . Why only Damaru for Shiva? Why was Damru not attached to other Gods? Why Damaru is associated to the Cosmic Dance of Creations called ‘Shiv-Tandav’? Mythologies states that Damaru signify the musical lore of creations. Shiva Linga, as per Linga Puran, is said to hold the theory of creation from formless, taste, less, colourless, unmanifest source. We shall see later how it matches the theory of Big Bang.
Space Time Theory and Creation of Universe in conical forms
Paraphrased from a book of science http://u2.lege.net/cetinbal/HTMLdosya1/GeneralRelativity-2.htm: Paraphrased (edited)
“Suppose at some event (a given place at a given time), labelled O in the figure, there is a flash of light. From the viewpoint of an observer at O, a spherical shell of light will expand away from event O at the speed of light. However, in space-time, this spherical shell looks like a hyper-cone. If we restrict space to a two-dimensional plane in x and y, then the set of all paths followed by the light rays from O will form not a hyper-cone, but a cone. The angle a light ray (and therefore the cone) makes with the time axis is determined by the speed of light. If we choose our units so that the speed of light, denoted by c, is equal to 1 unit, this angle will be 45 degrees. Because nothing can travel faster than light the word line, i.e. Universe, of any material object must make an angle with respect to the time axis that, necessarily, is smaller than that of a light ray.
All points that lie within the forward cone are accessible, in principle, from O by a messenger from O travelling at a speed less than that of light. These points define the future of O. Similarly, the points within the backward pointing light, the cone defines the past of O. They are all the points from which a messenger could have reached O without exceeding the speed of light. All other points are in neither the future nor the past of event O! This is so because it is not possible to send a messenger from O to any of these points, for the messenger would have to travel at a speed greater than that of light, which by assumption is impossible.”
Theory of relativity in Scriptures: At least there is one mythological story from Bhagwat Puran that clearly states that Revati and her father travelled to Brahmlok and when they returned, 27 mahayug (324 thousand years) had elapsed on Earth, while their age had not changed. Then Revati married Balram, shorter in height compared to her as the genetics had changed by then. Thatis clear evidence of Relativity theory in scriptures and also cosmological travel as well. The Point is not whether story is based on enacted truth, it might be representing certain science. Important is to note that story confirms that Rishis knew about the relativity of time and space in celestial travels. And also, that genetic changes occur when millions of era pass.